Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	New Tecumseth, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,948
Population, 2016¹	34,242
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	28.3
Total private dwellings²	16,249
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,854
Population density per square kilometre	160.5
Land area in square kilometres	273.87
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,945
0 to 14 years	8,395
0 to 4 years	3,020
5 to 9 years	2,765
10 to 14 years	2,605
15 to 64 years	27,670
15 to 19 years	2,315
20 to 24 years	2,115
25 to 29 years	2,450
30 to 34 years	3,420
35 to 39 years	3,525
40 to 44 years	2,780
45 to 49 years	2,625
50 to 54 years	2,700
55 to 59 years	3,040
60 to 64 years	2,715
65 years and over	7,880
65 to 69 years	2,195
70 to 74 years	2,110
75 to 79 years	1,550
80 to 84 years	1,080
85 years and over	950
85 to 89 years	630
90 to 94 years	245
95 to 99 years	60
100 years and over	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1
15 to 64 years	63.0
65 years and over	17.9
85 years and over	2.2
Average age of the population	40.6
Median age of the population	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,855
Single-detached house	11,225
Semi-detached house	1,110
Row house	1,445
Apartment or flat in a duplex	520
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,385
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75
Other single-attached house	35
Movable dwelling⁴	60
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,850
1 person	3,145
2 persons	5,260
3 persons	2,805
4 persons	2,840
5 or more persons	1,810
Number of persons in private households	43,460
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,555
Married or living common-law	22,310
Married	18,465
Living common-law	3,845
Living common law - Never married	2,615
Living common law - Separated	250
Living common law - Divorced	845
Living common law - Widowed	135
Not married and not living common-law	13,245
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,055
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,855
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,950
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,835
2 persons	5,965
3 persons	2,885
4 persons	2,850
5 or more persons	1,135
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,835
Total couple families	10,965
Married couples	9,040
With children⁶	5,165
Without children	3,880
Common-law couples	1,920
With children⁶	900
Without children	1,025
Total one-parent families	1,870
in which the parent is a woman+	1,445
in which the parent is a man+	425
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,460
Total - Persons in census families	38,030
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,930
Parents in one-parent families	1,870
Children⁶	14,225
In a two-parent family	11,215
In a one-parent family	3,015
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,430
Living alone	3,140
Living with other relatives⁷	1,125
Living with non-relatives only	1,165
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,855
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,755
Couple-family households	9,470
With children⁶	5,250
Without children	4,225
One-parent-family households	1,285
Multigenerational households⁸	750
Multiple-census-family households⁹	135
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	610
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	455
One-person households	3,140
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	35,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,940
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,825
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,440
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,695
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,680
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,180
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	35,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,020
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,030
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,860
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,440
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,605
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,570
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,170
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	35,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,015
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,340
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	35,080
Without total income	1,135
With total income	33,945
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,360
$10,000 to $19,999	3,700
$20,000 to $29,999	4,670
$30,000 to $39,999	4,085
$40,000 to $49,999	3,775
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450
$60,000 to $69,999	2,790
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320
$80,000 to $89,999	1,770
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365
$100,000 and over	3,650
$100,000 to $149,999	2,800
$150,000 and over	850
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	35,080
Without after-tax income	1,095
With after-tax income	33,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,540
$10,000 to $19,999	3,875
$20,000 to $29,999	5,350
$30,000 to $39,999	4,845
$40,000 to $49,999	4,730
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765
$60,000 to $69,999	2,970
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090
$80,000 to $89,999	1,520
$90,000 to $99,999	885
$100,000 and over	1,405
$100,000 to $124,999	805
$125,000 and over	600
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	35,080
Without employment income	9,635
With employment income	25,440
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,255
$5,000 to $9,999	1,905
$10,000 to $19,999	2,815
$20,000 to $29,999	2,140
$30,000 to $39,999	2,180
$40,000 to $49,999	2,260
$50,000 to $59,999	2,145
$60,000 to $69,999	1,830
$70,000 to $79,999	1,640
$80,000 to $89,999	1,335
$90,000 to $99,999	1,110
$100,000 and over	2,835
$100,000 to $124,999	1,630
$125,000 and over	1,205
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	35,075
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,430
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,440
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,590
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,970
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,915
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	35,095
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,500
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,515
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,595
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,490
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,885
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,970
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	35,095
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,920
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,780
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6
Employment income (%)	73.6
Government transfers (%)	12.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,850
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,140
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,710
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,850
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,900
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,160
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,150
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,695
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,850
Under $5,000	60
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	85
$15,000 to $19,999	150
$20,000 to $24,999	260
$25,000 to $29,999	365
$30,000 to $34,999	290
$35,000 to $39,999	375
$40,000 to $44,999	435
$45,000 to $49,999	430
$50,000 to $59,999	945
$60,000 to $69,999	990
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035
$100,000 and over	8,400
$100,000 to $124,999	2,460
$125,000 to $149,999	2,075
$150,000 to $199,999	2,220
$200,000 and over	1,645
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,850
Under $5,000	80
$5,000 to $9,999	35
$10,000 to $14,999	90
$15,000 to $19,999	155
$20,000 to $24,999	285
$25,000 to $29,999	425
$30,000 to $34,999	345
$35,000 to $39,999	445
$40,000 to $44,999	540
$45,000 to $49,999	505
$50,000 to $59,999	1,180
$60,000 to $69,999	1,235
$70,000 to $79,999	1,290
$80,000 to $89,999	1,305
$90,000 to $99,999	1,270
$100,000 and over	6,670
$100,000 to $124,999	2,740
$125,000 to $149,999	1,705
$150,000 and over	2,225
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,420
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,305
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,110
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,615
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,310
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,425
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,290
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,085
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,655
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,275
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,460
0 to 17 years	9,825
0 to 5 years	3,590
18 to 64 years	26,140
65 years and over	7,500
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,430
0 to 17 years	680
0 to 5 years	275
18 to 64 years	1,265
65 years and over	490
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	6.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,460
0 to 17 years	9,825
0 to 5 years	3,585
18 to 64 years	26,135
65 years and over	7,495
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	755
0 to 17 years	150
0 to 5 years	65
18 to 64 years	535
65 years and over	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1
65 years and over (%)	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,460
In bottom half of the distribution	18,175
In bottom decile	2,185
In second decile	3,190
In third decile	3,750
In fourth decile	4,190
In fifth decile	4,865
In top half of the distribution	25,285
In sixth decile	5,155
In seventh decile	5,340
In eighth decile	5,835
In ninth decile	5,290
In top decile	3,660
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,460
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,620
English only	41,175
French only	10
English and French	2,030
Neither English nor French	400
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,620
English	42,755
French	410
English and French	75
Neither English nor French	385
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,620
Single responses	42,245
Official languages	35,355
English	34,905
French	450
Non-official languages	6,890
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,890
Afro-Asiatic languages	575
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	570
Amharic	10
Arabic	170
Aramaic languages	360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	315
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205
Khmer (Cambodian)	35
Vietnamese	175
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	240
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	385
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	340
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,895
Albanian	30
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	870
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	850
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	15
Macedonian	30
Polish	365
Russian	260
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	65
Bosnian	0
Croatian	45
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	465
Frisian	0
High German languages	290
German	290
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	125
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	35
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	65
Indo-Iranian languages	990
Indo-Aryan languages	795
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	95
Hindi	70
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	430
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	200
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	155
Dari	80
Iranian Persian	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,445
Catalan	0
Italian	1,010
Portuguese	520
Romanian	80
Spanish	840
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	90
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150
Chinese languages	150
Hakka	0
Mandarin	90
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	15
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	85
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	115
Estonian	5
Finnish	25
Hungarian	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,380
English and French	125
English and non-official language(s)	1,125
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	100
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,620
English	36,585
French	35
Non-official language	1,440
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,440
English and French	310
English and non-official language(s)	4,975
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	115
Multiple non-official languages	150
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,620
Single responses	42,640
Official languages	39,555
English	39,480
French	80
Non-official languages	3,080
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,080
Afro-Asiatic languages	355
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	355
Amharic	0
Arabic	95
Aramaic languages	255
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	90
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	270
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	230
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,925
Albanian	10
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	380
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	375
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	10
Polish	130
Russian	180
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	35
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	700
Indo-Aryan languages	570
Assamese	0
Bengali	10
Gujarati	80
Hindi	45
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	125
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	95
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	785
Catalan	0
Italian	190
Portuguese	155
Romanian	20
Spanish	415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	70
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90
Chinese languages	90
Hakka	0
Mandarin	55
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	5
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	45
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	45
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	980
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	900
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,620
None	38,905
English	1,360
French	245
Non-official language	2,620
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	2,615
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	175
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	225
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,465
Official languages	43,040
English	43,040
French	1,935
Non-official languages	9,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	930
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	925
Amharic	30
Arabic	550
Aramaic languages	495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	385
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30
Harari	0
Hebrew	45
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360
Khmer (Cambodian)	60
Vietnamese	315
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	330
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	105
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45
Dravidian languages	445
Kannada	0
Malayalam	35
Tamil	415
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,955
Albanian	30
Armenian	70
Balto-Slavic languages	1,045
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,030
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	20
Macedonian	35
Polish	470
Russian	340
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	0
Croatian	70
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	595
Frisian	0
High German languages	400
German	400
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	80
Danish	60
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	160
Indo-Iranian languages	1,370
Indo-Aryan languages	1,090
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	110
Hindi	395
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	315
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	330
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	55
Parsi	0
Pashto	50
Persian languages	260
Dari	185
Iranian Persian	75
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,815
Catalan	0
Italian	1,660
Portuguese	940
Romanian	135
Spanish	1,280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	115
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	240
Akan (Twi)	100
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	70
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	70
American Sign Language	55
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	250
Chinese languages	250
Hakka	0
Mandarin	160
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	35
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	100
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	90
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	75
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,465
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	730
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	680
First Nations (North American Indian)	425
Métis	235
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	42,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,465
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	215
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,245
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,850
Owner	13,300
Renter	2,555
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,850
Condominium	2,335
Not condominium	13,520
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,850
No bedrooms	45
1 bedroom	855
2 bedrooms	2,710
3 bedrooms	7,010
4 or more bedrooms	5,240
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,850
1 to 4 rooms	2,190
5 rooms	2,210
6 rooms	2,950
7 rooms	2,870
8 or more rooms	5,625
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,850
One person or fewer per room	15,610
More than one person per room	245
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,850
Suitable	15,270
Not suitable	585
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,850
1960 or before	1,745
1961 to 1980	3,340
1981 to 1990	1,855
1991 to 2000	2,120
2001 to 2005	945
2006 to 2010	1,200
2011 to 2015	1,830
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,830
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,850
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	15,265
Major repairs needed	590
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,850
One-maintainer household	6,455
Two-maintainer household	8,575
Three-or-more-maintainer household	825
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,850
15 to 24 years	130
25 to 34 years	2,100
35 to 44 years	3,070
45 to 54 years	2,960
55 to 64 years	3,175
65 to 74 years	2,290
75 to 84 years	1,575
85 years and over	545
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,750
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,185
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,565
30% to less than 100%	3,325
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,855
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,390
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,245
Not suitable only	415
Major repairs needed only	395
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
Acceptable housing	11,465
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,505
In core need	1,795
Not in core need	13,715
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,220
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.7
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,786
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	803,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,550
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.9
% in core housing need⁶³	29.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,460
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	255
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	200
Métis single ancestry	35
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	895
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	890
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,460
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,605
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	31,965
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,850
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,460
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	34,825
Immigrants⁸¹	8,400
Before 1980	2,495
1980 to 1990	1,270
1991 to 2000	1,570
2001 to 2010	1,710
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,350
2011 to 2015	725
2016 to 2021	625
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,400
Under 5 years	935
5 to 14 years	1,875
15 to 24 years	2,120
25 to 44 years	2,995
45 years and over	470
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,400
Americas	1,685
Brazil	60
Colombia	55
El Salvador	55
Guyana	175
Haiti	0
Jamaica	430
Mexico	30
Peru	75
Trinidad and Tobago	110
United States of America	205
Other places of birth in Americas	495
Europe	3,500
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Croatia	30
France	35
Germany	190
Greece	60
Hungary	25
Italy	555
Netherlands	80
Poland	310
Portugal	365
Romania	130
Russian Federation	120
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Ukraine	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105
Other places of birth in Europe	375
Africa	305
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	30
Morocco	0
Nigeria	95
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other places of birth in Africa	125
Asia	2,895
Afghanistan	155
Iran⁸⁸	85
Iraq	480
Lebanon	35
Syria⁸⁹	85
Turkey	60
China⁹⁰	95
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Korea, South⁹²	95
Taiwan	10
Philippines	285
Viet Nam	225
Bangladesh	0
India	520
Pakistan	165
Sri Lanka	250
Other places of birth in Asia	310
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	625
Americas	115
Brazil	15
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	10
United States of America	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30
Europe	105
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Other places of birth in Europe	60
Africa	20
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	385
Afghanistan	30
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	80
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	60
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	25
Philippines	50
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	10
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	10
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,465
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,945
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,075
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,440
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,905
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	850
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,150
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,250
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,490
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,905
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	550
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	535
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,490
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,465
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,865
South Asian	1,935
Chinese	265
Black	1,660
Filipino	450
Arab	595
Latin American	985
Southeast Asian	520
West Asian	495
Korean	165
Japanese	65
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380
Multiple visible minorities	350
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,595
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,460
Canadian	6,825
English	9,975
Irish	8,620
Scottish	7,355
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,260
German	3,295
Chinese	400
Italian	6,130
Indian (India)	1,000
Ukrainian	1,130
Dutch	1,680
Polish	1,650
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,925
Filipino	435
French Canadian	495
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	610
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315
Métis	305
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	550
Russian	470
Norwegian	155
Welsh	740
Portuguese	1,725
American	430
Spanish	435
Swedish	185
Hungarian	360
Acadian	150
Pakistani	215
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280
Jewish	230
Punjabi	220
Vietnamese	345
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50
Greek	380
Jamaican	650
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25
Korean	170
Romanian	235
Lebanese	105
Iranian	80
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270
Danish	180
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	225
Sikh	170
Austrian	275
Belgian	175
Haitian	25
Hindu	70
Mexican	100
Mennonite	10
Swiss	70
Finnish	120
Sri Lankan	255
Croatian	175
Japanese	125
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	90
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	115
Muslim	75
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	215
Tamil	260
Icelandic	80
Colombian	115
Moroccan	20
Czech	135
Syrian	175
Guyanese	315
Afghan	250
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165
Serbian	25
Ojibway	120
Newfoundlander	205
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	210
Persian	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	290
Turkish	120
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	165
Nigerian	95
Armenian	60
Slovak	130
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55
Somali	0
Taiwanese	10
Iraqi	385
Salvadorean	75
African Caribbean	180
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115
Lithuanian	75
South African	100
Australian	65
Palestinian	0
Chilean	125
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	65
Ethiopian	35
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45
Peruvian	130
Yoruba	70
Cambodian (Khmer)	75
Berber	0
Albanian	30
Maltese	210
Macedonian	150
Slovenian	120
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	15
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	40
Israeli	55
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30
Bulgarian	30
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	45
Barbadian	40
African American	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25
Cuban	90
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	60
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	70
Indonesian	10
Laotian	65
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	95
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	145
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	140
Estonian	30
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	30
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	15
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	170
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	20
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	30
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	20
Malayali	0
Chaldean	95
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15
Indo-Caribbean	25
Flemish	25
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	45
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	90
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	65
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	15
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,465
Buddhist	375
Christian	26,810
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,795
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	2,035
Baptist	535
Catholic	14,110
Christian Orthodox	615
Jehovah's Witness	205
Latter Day Saints	20
Lutheran	260
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	670
Presbyterian	970
Reformed	100
United Church	2,415
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	950
Hindu	770
Jewish	205
Muslim	1,010
Sikh	535
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225
No religion and secular perspectives	13,535
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,930
Non-movers	38,495
Movers	4,440
Non-migrants	1,530
Migrants	2,910
Internal migrants	2,840
Intraprovincial migrants	2,770
Interprovincial migrants	70
External migrants	65
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	40,485
Non-movers	22,380
Movers	18,105
Non-migrants	3,485
Migrants	14,620
Internal migrants	14,075
Intraprovincial migrants	13,755
Interprovincial migrants	320
External migrants	545
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,095
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,480
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,615
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,985
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,165
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,785
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,650
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,490
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	975
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,515
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,225
Bachelor's degree	4,705
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80
Master's degree	935
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,150
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,530
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,410
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,645
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,795
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	695
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,100
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,415
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,765
Bachelor's degree	3,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50
Master's degree	730
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,445
Education	1,220
13. Education	1,220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	660
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130
50. Visual and performing arts	535
Humanities	795
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75
23. English language and literature/letters	230
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	70
54. History	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,330
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	620
22. Legal professions and studies	405
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	380
45. Social sciences	625
Business, management and public administration	3,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,185
Physical and life sciences and technologies	485
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460
25. Library science	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	110
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,190
04. Architecture and related services	130
14. Engineering	655
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	940
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,025
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970
48. Precision production	470
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315
03. Natural resources and conservation	105
Health and related fields	2,200
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,245
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	425
49. Transportation and materials moving	245
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,740
Education	785
13. Education	785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70
50. Visual and performing arts	445
Humanities	580
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45
23. English language and literature/letters	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	55
54. History	85
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,855
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490
22. Legal professions and studies	325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	300
45. Social sciences	480
Business, management and public administration	2,725
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	250
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	390
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,175
04. Architecture and related services	110
14. Engineering	480
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	710
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	765
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	765
48. Precision production	350
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	310
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	80
Health and related fields	1,615
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,415
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,000
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	365
49. Transportation and materials moving	180
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,740
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,410
Location of study inside Canada	11,855
Same as province or territory of residence	11,340
Different than province or territory of residence	515
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,555
Americas	390
United States of America	220
Mexico	25
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	30
Brazil	20
Colombia	15
Peru	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	10
Other locations of study in Americas	50
Europe	470
Belgium	0
France	10
Germany	0
Netherlands	15
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	15
Poland	65
Romania	45
Russian Federation	70
Ukraine	35
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	55
Africa	60
Nigeria	25
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	20
Asia	615
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	55
Israel	0
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	45
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	25
Philippines	130
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	30
India	170
Pakistan	55
Other locations of study in Asia	55
Oceania	25
Australia	15
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	35,095
In the labour force	23,255
Employed	21,025
Unemployed	2,230
Not in the labour force	11,840
Participation rate	66.3
Employment rate	59.9
Unemployment rate	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	35,095
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,850
Worked	23,240
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,365
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,875
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,255
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,870
Employee	19,650
Permanent position	17,195
Temporary position	2,460
Fixed term (1 year or more)	770
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,690
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,220
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,255
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,870
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,695
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,435
3 Health occupations	1,220
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,315
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	520
6 Sales and service occupations	5,090
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,695
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	585
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,095
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,255
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380
All industries¹⁹¹	22,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20
22 Utilities	130
23 Construction	3,180
31-33 Manufacturing	3,765
41 Wholesale trade	885
44-45 Retail trade	2,485
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,395
51 Information and cultural industries	300
52 Finance and insurance	630
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	435
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,190
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,130
61 Educational services	1,520
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	355
72 Accommodation and food services	1,100
81 Other services (except public administration)	960
91 Public administration	1,015
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,705
English	24,020
French	20
Non-official language	70
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	70
English and French	215
English and non-official language(s)	360
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,705
Single responses	24,580
Official languages	24,410
English	24,365
French	45
Non-official languages	165
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	115
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	20
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	125
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,705
None	24,220
English	115
French	150
Non-official language	185
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	185
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,025
Worked at home	4,410
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	3,645
Usual place of work	12,960
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,955
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,385
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,890
Commute to a different province or territory	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,605
Car, truck or van	15,595
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,570
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,025
Public transit	75
Walked	605
Bicycle	60
Other method	265
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,605
Less than 15 minutes	4,560
15 to 29 minutes	2,845
30 to 44 minutes	3,105
45 to 59 minutes	2,575
60 minutes and over	3,515
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,480
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,735
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,475
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,465
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,515
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,955
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	600
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,355
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	225
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,295

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released February 8, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 27, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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