Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	YellowknifeMore information: Northwest Territories [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,673
Population, 2016¹	19,141^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8
Total private dwellings²	7,773
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,327
Population density per square kilometre	1,086.3
Land area in square kilometres	18.11
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,670
0 to 14 years	3,995
0 to 4 years	1,320
5 to 9 years	1,370
10 to 14 years	1,305
15 to 64 years	14,125
15 to 19 years	1,155
20 to 24 years	1,285
25 to 29 years	1,565
30 to 34 years	1,795
35 to 39 years	1,675
40 to 44 years	1,595
45 to 49 years	1,355
50 to 54 years	1,280
55 to 59 years	1,345
60 to 64 years	1,070
65 years and over	1,550
65 to 69 years	710
70 to 74 years	415
75 to 79 years	230
80 to 84 years	95
85 years and over	100
85 to 89 years	30
90 to 94 years	65
95 to 99 years	5
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3
15 to 64 years	71.8
65 years and over	7.9
85 years and over	0.5
Average age of the population	35.5
Median age of the population	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,325
Single-detached house	3,230
Semi-detached house	195
Row house	885
Apartment or flat in a duplex	305
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,935
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	465
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,330
1 person	1,760
2 persons	2,245
3 persons	1,325
4 persons	1,265
5 or more persons	735
Number of persons in private households	19,345
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,675
Married or living common-law	8,855
Married	6,320
Living common-law	2,535
Living common law - Never married	2,060
Living common law - Separated	75
Living common law - Divorced	380
Living common law - Widowed	25
Not married and not living common-law	6,825
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,275
Not married and not living common law - Separated	360
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	785
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	400
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,275
2 persons	2,410
3 persons	1,195
4 persons	1,170
5 or more persons	500
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,275
Total couple families	4,285
Married couples	3,015
With children⁶	1,885
Without children	1,125
Common-law couples	1,270
With children⁶	575
Without children	690
Total one-parent families	995
in which the parent is a woman+	750
in which the parent is a man+	240
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,345
Total - Persons in census families	15,775
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,565
Parents in one-parent families	995
Children⁶	6,215
In a two-parent family	4,620
In a one-parent family	1,600
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,570
Living alone	1,760
Living with other relatives⁷	490
Living with non-relatives only	1,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,330
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,455
Couple-family households	3,715
With children⁶	2,200
Without children	1,520
One-parent-family households	735
Multigenerational households⁸	205
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	365
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	485
One-person households	1,760
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,260
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,260
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,960
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,090
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,215
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	1,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,430
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,270
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,945
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,100
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	77,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,225
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,170
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,560
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,370
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,855
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	99,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	101,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,835
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	84.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,360
Without total income	100
With total income	15,255
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,395
$10,000 to $19,999	840
$20,000 to $29,999	1,170
$30,000 to $39,999	1,085
$40,000 to $49,999	1,055
$50,000 to $59,999	990
$60,000 to $69,999	910
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005
$80,000 to $89,999	910
$90,000 to $99,999	925
$100,000 and over	4,975
$100,000 to $149,999	3,570
$150,000 and over	1,410
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,360
Without after-tax income	100
With after-tax income	15,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,430
$10,000 to $19,999	870
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270
$30,000 to $39,999	1,300
$40,000 to $49,999	1,225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,290
$60,000 to $69,999	1,245
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205
$80,000 to $89,999	1,180
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155
$100,000 and over	3,095
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905
$125,000 and over	1,195
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,360
Without employment income	2,260
With employment income	13,095
Under $5,000 (including loss)	940
$5,000 to $9,999	650
$10,000 to $19,999	890
$20,000 to $29,999	815
$30,000 to $39,999	750
$40,000 to $49,999	700
$50,000 to $59,999	780
$60,000 to $69,999	775
$70,000 to $79,999	770
$80,000 to $89,999	850
$90,000 to $99,999	815
$100,000 and over	4,355
$100,000 to $124,999	2,025
$125,000 and over	2,325
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,660
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,660
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,830
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,055
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,300
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,080
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,675
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	77,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,675
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,820
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	78,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,065
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,335
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,764
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,060
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,370
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,785
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	94,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,705
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	49,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4
Employment income (%)	86.8
Government transfers (%)	5.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,330
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,760
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,570
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,335
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	164,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	136,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,755
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,700
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,575
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	187,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,330
Under $5,000	30
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	25
$15,000 to $19,999	30
$20,000 to $24,999	65
$25,000 to $29,999	95
$30,000 to $34,999	110
$35,000 to $39,999	95
$40,000 to $44,999	120
$45,000 to $49,999	105
$50,000 to $59,999	245
$60,000 to $69,999	240
$70,000 to $79,999	280
$80,000 to $89,999	295
$90,000 to $99,999	300
$100,000 and over	5,270
$100,000 to $124,999	895
$125,000 to $149,999	805
$150,000 to $199,999	1,305
$200,000 and over	2,260
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,330
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	25
$15,000 to $19,999	35
$20,000 to $24,999	70
$25,000 to $29,999	105
$30,000 to $34,999	120
$35,000 to $39,999	110
$40,000 to $44,999	130
$45,000 to $49,999	120
$50,000 to $59,999	310
$60,000 to $69,999	345
$70,000 to $79,999	340
$80,000 to $89,999	420
$90,000 to $99,999	440
$100,000 and over	4,685
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030
$125,000 to $149,999	865
$150,000 and over	2,790
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,180
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,635
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,485
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	890
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,085
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	73,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,185
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	185,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,605
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	182,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,520
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	215,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	860
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,075
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	81,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,350
0 to 17 years	4,680
0 to 5 years	1,635
18 to 64 years	13,240
65 years and over	1,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	830
0 to 17 years	300
0 to 5 years	120
18 to 64 years	460
65 years and over	75
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5
65 years and over (%)	5.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	0
0 to 17 years	0
0 to 5 years	0
18 to 64 years	0
65 years and over	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x
18 to 64 years (%)	x
65 years and over (%)	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,350
In bottom half of the distribution	4,340
In bottom decile	850
In second decile	885
In third decile	825
In fourth decile	845
In fifth decile	935
In top half of the distribution	15,005
In sixth decile	1,190
In seventh decile	1,565
In eighth decile	2,045
In ninth decile	3,555
In top decile	6,645
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,345
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.344
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,420
English only	16,005
French only	85
English and French	3,225
Neither English nor French	105
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,420
English	18,375
French	840
English and French	105
Neither English nor French	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,420
Single responses	18,645
Official languages	15,655
English	14,835
French	820
Non-official languages	2,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	430
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	315
Northern Athabaskan languages	315
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	65
Gwich'in	5
Slavey-Hare languages	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	50
Slavey, n.o.s.	15
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	155
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	30
Inuinnaqtun	15
Inuvialuktun	15
Inuktitut	70
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	240
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	180
Amharic	20
Arabic	115
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	820
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	60
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	645
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	0
Malayalam	45
Tamil	15
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	800
Albanian	5
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	105
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	105
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	5
Macedonian	10
Polish	15
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	5
Croatian	5
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	160
Frisian	0
High German languages	80
German	80
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	360
Indo-Aryan languages	345
Assamese	0
Bengali	55
Gujarati	25
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125
Catalan	0
Italian	25
Portuguese	5
Romanian	10
Spanish	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	50
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	115
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205
Chinese languages	205
Hakka	0
Mandarin	80
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	775
English and French	195
English and non-official language(s)	505
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	40
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,420
English	15,410
French	360
Non-official language	665
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	625
English and French	650
English and non-official language(s)	2,145
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	110
Multiple non-official languages	75
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,420
Single responses	18,775
Official languages	17,325
English	16,840
French	490
Non-official languages	1,450
Indigenous languages³⁹	70
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	60
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	20
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	5
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	25
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	170
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	40
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	130
Amharic	10
Arabic	75
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	470
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	55
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	5
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	360
Albanian	0
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	245
Indo-Aryan languages	225
Assamese	0
Bengali	45
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120
Chinese languages	120
Hakka	0
Mandarin	55
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	645
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	475
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,420
None	16,975
English	715
French	405
Non-official language	1,035
Indigenous³⁹	195
Non-Indigenous	840
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	115
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	95
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,405
Official languages	19,295
English	19,145
French	3,380
Non-official languages	4,390
Indigenous languages³⁹	610
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	430
Northern Athabaskan languages	430
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	95
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	105
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	25
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	65
Slavey, n.o.s.	25
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	250
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	140
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25
Inuinnaqtun	20
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	110
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,780
Afro-Asiatic languages	455
Berber languages	45
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	375
Amharic	40
Arabic	245
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	95
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,040
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	110
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	60
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	25
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	110
Kannada	0
Malayalam	80
Tamil	65
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,420
Albanian	0
Armenian	45
Balto-Slavic languages	185
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	175
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	15
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	10
Croatian	0
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	340
Frisian	0
High German languages	195
German	195
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145
Afrikaans	75
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	450
Indo-Aryan languages	425
Assamese	0
Bengali	125
Gujarati	0
Hindi	175
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490
Catalan	0
Italian	70
Portuguese	25
Romanian	0
Spanish	410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	85
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	190
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	80
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	230
Chinese languages	230
Hakka	0
Mandarin	130
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,405
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,715
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,545
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,825
Métis	1,035
Inuk (Inuit)	680
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35
Non-Indigenous identity	14,690
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,405
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,790
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,620
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,335
Owner	4,135
Renter	3,205
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,335
Condominium	1,335
Not condominium	6,000
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,335
No bedrooms	80
1 bedroom	1,025
2 bedrooms	1,655
3 bedrooms	3,180
4 or more bedrooms	1,390
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,335
1 to 4 rooms	2,490
5 rooms	1,635
6 rooms	1,130
7 rooms	795
8 or more rooms	1,295
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,335
One person or fewer per room	7,035
More than one person per room	300
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,335
Suitable	6,720
Not suitable	615
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,335
1960 or before	265
1961 to 1980	2,030
1981 to 1990	1,815
1991 to 2000	1,415
2001 to 2005	590
2006 to 2010	315
2011 to 2015	530
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,335
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,545
Major repairs needed	790
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,335
One-maintainer household	3,235
Two-maintainer household	3,550
Three-or-more-maintainer household	550
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,335
15 to 24 years	275
25 to 34 years	1,490
35 to 44 years	1,730
45 to 54 years	1,505
55 to 64 years	1,415
65 to 74 years	715
75 to 84 years	200
85 years and over	10
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,335
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,170
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,165
30% to less than 100%	1,050
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,335
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,300
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	950
Not suitable only	475
Major repairs needed only	615
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
Acceptable housing	5,040
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,215
In core need	750
Not in core need	6,470
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,130
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,360
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,362
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	491,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,205
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,808
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,405
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,860
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,105
Métis single ancestry	250
Inuit single ancestry	340
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	165
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	75
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,970
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,800
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,570
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,405
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,545
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,375
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,485
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,405
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,900
Immigrants⁸¹	3,160
Before 1980	400
1980 to 1990	240
1991 to 2000	490
2001 to 2010	790
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,235
2011 to 2015	640
2016 to 2021	595
Non-permanent residents⁸³	345
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,160
Under 5 years	265
5 to 14 years	490
15 to 24 years	725
25 to 44 years	1,390
45 years and over	285
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,160
Americas	240
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	15
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	15
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	110
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	535
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Croatia	0
France	25
Germany	95
Greece	0
Hungary	15
Italy	25
Netherlands	30
Poland	0
Portugal	0
Romania	25
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190
Other places of birth in Europe	90
Africa	630
Algeria	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	50
Ethiopia	40
Morocco	30
Nigeria	20
Somalia	65
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other places of birth in Africa	315
Asia	1,725
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Korea, South⁹²	35
Taiwan	10
Philippines	935
Viet Nam	145
Bangladesh	65
India	180
Pakistan	50
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595
Americas	15
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	75
France	25
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	145
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	30
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35
Asia	360
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	65
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	10
Philippines	200
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,405
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,665
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,760
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,985
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,760
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,410
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	660
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	750
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	920
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,760
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	555
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,820
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,405
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,885
South Asian	575
Chinese	255
Black	875
Filipino	1,340
Arab	190
Latin American	90
Southeast Asian	245
West Asian	25
Korean	45
Japanese	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30
Multiple visible minorities	125
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,525
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,405
Canadian	2,310
English	3,860
Irish	3,250
Scottish	3,425
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,995
German	1,740
Chinese	280
Italian	325
Indian (India)	315
Ukrainian	595
Dutch	620
Polish	395
Québécois	90
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	655
Filipino	1,240
French Canadian	230
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	605
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	700
Métis	845
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380
Russian	155
Norwegian	420
Welsh	325
Portuguese	30
American	175
Spanish	125
Swedish	225
Hungarian	160
Acadian	155
Pakistani	60
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	285
Jewish	75
Punjabi	50
Vietnamese	210
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80
Greek	45
Jamaican	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	385
Korean	45
Romanian	105
Lebanese	40
Iranian	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70
Danish	200
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345
Sikh	10
Austrian	115
Belgian	85
Haitian	25
Hindu	0
Mexican	25
Mennonite	80
Swiss	85
Finnish	65
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	15
Japanese	110
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165
Muslim	30
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10
Tamil	0
Icelandic	65
Colombian	0
Moroccan	65
Czech	40
Syrian	10
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40
Serbian	15
Ojibway	40
Newfoundlander	160
Hong Konger	25
Ontarian	90
Persian	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	555
Bangladeshi	70
Algerian	35
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	30
Armenian	45
Slovak	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50
Somali	55
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	30
African Caribbean	30
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	10
South African	60
Australian	50
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	55
Nova Scotian	35
Ethiopian	50
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	20
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30
New Brunswicker	50
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	30
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	35
Albertan	30
Ghanaian	10
Barbadian	10
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	20
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	25
Northern Irish	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15
British Columbian	15
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	45
Argentinian	0
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	755
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	30
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	20
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	70
Nicaraguan	15
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	35
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	25
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	40
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	15
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,405
Buddhist	210
Christian	9,485
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,330
Anabaptist	15
Anglican	885
Baptist	265
Catholic	5,190
Christian Orthodox	130
Jehovah's Witness	45
Latter Day Saints	55
Lutheran	120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	280
Presbyterian	55
Reformed	0
United Church	575
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425
Hindu	115
Jewish	35
Muslim	590
Sikh	105
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155
No religion and secular perspectives	8,610
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,120
Non-movers	15,840
Movers	3,280
Non-migrants	1,960
Migrants	1,315
Internal migrants	1,225
Intraprovincial migrants	200
Interprovincial migrants	1,025
External migrants	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,070
Non-movers	9,120
Movers	8,950
Non-migrants	4,655
Migrants	4,300
Internal migrants	3,635
Intraprovincial migrants	775
Interprovincial migrants	2,860
External migrants	665
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,375
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,500
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,875
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,560
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,325
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,235
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,185
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,050
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,015
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	605
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	520
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,930
Bachelor's degree	3,240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85
Master's degree	1,230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,070
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,720
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	825
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	500
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,265
Bachelor's degree	2,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75
Master's degree	1,115
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,325
Education	715
13. Education	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	255
Humanities	335
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55
23. English language and literature/letters	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	45
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140
22. Legal professions and studies	180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	200
45. Social sciences	540
Business, management and public administration	1,750
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,545
Physical and life sciences and technologies	450
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	155
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,705
04. Architecture and related services	120
14. Engineering	440
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	350
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	285
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	390
48. Precision production	110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	260
Health and related fields	1,200
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,025
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	650
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	230
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,845
Education	600
13. Education	600
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	210
Humanities	265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40
23. English language and literature/letters	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,080
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130
22. Legal professions and studies	165
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	155
45. Social sciences	450
Business, management and public administration	1,520
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	225
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,440
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	390
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	325
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	340
48. Precision production	80
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	315
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	240
Health and related fields	1,050
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	890
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	550
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	140
49. Transportation and materials moving	195
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,720
Location of study inside Canada	6,435
Same as province or territory of residence	905
Different than province or territory of residence	5,530
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,285
Americas	135
United States of America	105
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	280
Belgium	0
France	45
Germany	20
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15
Africa	180
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	35
Tunisia	10
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Other locations of study in Africa	105
Asia	640
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	20
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	35
Philippines	400
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	10
Sri Lanka	0
India	80
Pakistan	20
Other locations of study in Asia	25
Oceania	45
Australia	35
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,375
In the labour force	12,125
Employed	11,415
Unemployed	700
Not in the labour force	3,250
Participation rate	78.9
Employment rate	74.2
Unemployment rate	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,375
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,310
Worked	12,070
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,980
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,090
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,120
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,980
Employee	11,080
Permanent position	9,105
Temporary position	1,975
Fixed term (1 year or more)	790
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,185
Self-employed¹⁹²	905
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,120
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,980
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,365
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,045
3 Health occupations	745
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,610
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315
6 Sales and service occupations	2,405
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,890
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	130
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,120
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140
All industries¹⁹¹	11,980
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	595
22 Utilities	70
23 Construction	535
31-33 Manufacturing	130
41 Wholesale trade	165
44-45 Retail trade	1,045
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	865
51 Information and cultural industries	260
52 Finance and insurance	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	95
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	665
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455
61 Educational services	775
62 Health care and social assistance	1,245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	185
72 Accommodation and food services	710
81 Other services (except public administration)	340
91 Public administration	3,600
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,995
English	12,295
French	85
Non-official language	45
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	35
English and French	425
English and non-official language(s)	135
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,995
Single responses	12,900
Official languages	12,840
English	12,685
French	150
Non-official languages	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	95
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,995
None	12,515
English	90
French	285
Non-official language	95
Indigenous³⁹	45
Non-Indigenous	50
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,415
Worked at home	1,470
Worked outside Canada	10
No fixed workplace address	1,200
Usual place of work	8,740
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,740
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60
Commute to a different province or territory	275
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,940
Car, truck or van	7,275
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,175
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,100
Public transit	125
Walked	1,785
Bicycle	185
Other method	570
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,940
Less than 15 minutes	7,190
15 to 29 minutes	2,085
30 to 44 minutes	265
45 to 59 minutes	160
60 minutes and over	235
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,940
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	300
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	975
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,100
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	875
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	955
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,765
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,985
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,345
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,810

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released February 8, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 23, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Report a problem on this page

Is something not working? Is there information outdated? Can't find what you're looking for?

Please contact us and let us know how we can help you.

Privacy notice

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table