Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kelowna--Lake CountryMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,290
Population, 2016¹	119,388
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.2
Total private dwellings²	60,358
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	55,707
Population density per square kilometre	87.1
Land area in square kilometres	1,565.53
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,290
0 to 14 years	20,070
0 to 4 years	5,755
5 to 9 years	6,900
10 to 14 years	7,420
15 to 64 years	89,450
15 to 19 years	7,410
20 to 24 years	9,115
25 to 29 years	8,995
30 to 34 years	9,105
35 to 39 years	9,375
40 to 44 years	8,510
45 to 49 years	8,265
50 to 54 years	8,740
55 to 59 years	9,965
60 to 64 years	9,970
65 years and over	26,770
65 to 69 years	8,540
70 to 74 years	6,975
75 to 79 years	4,810
80 to 84 years	3,295
85 years and over	3,150
85 to 89 years	1,955
90 to 94 years	915
95 to 99 years	240
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7
15 to 64 years	65.6
65 years and over	19.6
85 years and over	2.3
Average age of the population	42.6
Median age of the population	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,705
Single-detached house	28,120
Semi-detached house	2,905
Row house	3,720
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,490
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,985
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,945
Other single-attached house	100
Movable dwelling⁴	1,445
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,705
1 person	14,680
2 persons	21,475
3 persons	7,940
4 persons	7,340
5 or more persons	4,275
Number of persons in private households	134,495
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	116,215
Married or living common-law	68,485
Married	55,680
Living common-law	12,800
Living common law - Never married	9,030
Living common law - Separated	555
Living common law - Divorced	2,895
Living common law - Widowed	330
Not married and not living common-law	47,730
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,330
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,895
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,890
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,620
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,770
2 persons	22,120
3 persons	7,210
4 persons	6,920
5 or more persons	2,525
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,775
Total couple families	33,570
Married couples	27,175
With children⁶	12,875
Without children	14,300
Common-law couples	6,405
With children⁶	1,920
Without children	4,480
Total one-parent families	5,200
in which the parent is a woman+	3,920
in which the parent is a man+	1,280
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,495
Total - Persons in census families	106,960
Married spouses or common-law partners	67,150
Parents in one-parent families	5,200
Children⁶	34,610
In a two-parent family	26,970
In a one-parent family	7,645
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,535
Living alone	14,680
Living with other relatives⁷	3,155
Living with non-relatives only	9,695
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,705
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,015
Couple-family households	29,065
With children⁶	12,690
Without children	16,375
One-parent-family households	3,950
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465
Multiple-census-family households⁹	500
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,460
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,585
One-person households	14,680
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	114,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,765
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,895
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,495
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,325
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,495
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	114,570
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,855
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,965
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,970
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,490
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,510
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,420
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,225
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	114,570
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,335
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	35,105
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	114,430
Without total income	2,790
With total income	111,645
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,880
$10,000 to $19,999	12,470
$20,000 to $29,999	16,890
$30,000 to $39,999	14,450
$40,000 to $49,999	12,680
$50,000 to $59,999	10,450
$60,000 to $69,999	8,080
$70,000 to $79,999	6,275
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890
$90,000 to $99,999	3,685
$100,000 and over	12,895
$100,000 to $149,999	7,970
$150,000 and over	4,920
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	114,430
Without after-tax income	2,670
With after-tax income	111,760
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,500
$10,000 to $19,999	12,925
$20,000 to $29,999	19,210
$30,000 to $39,999	16,665
$40,000 to $49,999	14,480
$50,000 to $59,999	11,035
$60,000 to $69,999	7,885
$70,000 to $79,999	5,755
$80,000 to $89,999	4,045
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605
$100,000 and over	7,670
$100,000 to $124,999	3,480
$125,000 and over	4,185
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	114,430
Without employment income	32,935
With employment income	81,495
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,560
$5,000 to $9,999	6,695
$10,000 to $19,999	10,055
$20,000 to $29,999	7,890
$30,000 to $39,999	7,285
$40,000 to $49,999	7,285
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475
$60,000 to $69,999	5,330
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180
$80,000 to $89,999	3,405
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655
$100,000 and over	8,685
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920
$125,000 and over	4,760
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	114,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	108,880
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,050
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,660
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,565
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,190
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	114,570
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,140
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,320
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,920
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,765
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,885
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,110
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	114,570
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,945
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,615
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8
Employment income (%)	66.4
Government transfers (%)	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,705
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,680
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,030
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,740
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,670
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,750
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,070
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,705
Under $5,000	680
$5,000 to $9,999	305
$10,000 to $14,999	465
$15,000 to $19,999	940
$20,000 to $24,999	1,945
$25,000 to $29,999	1,625
$30,000 to $34,999	1,625
$35,000 to $39,999	1,895
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905
$45,000 to $49,999	1,870
$50,000 to $59,999	3,760
$60,000 to $69,999	3,760
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195
$100,000 and over	24,670
$100,000 to $124,999	6,705
$125,000 to $149,999	5,235
$150,000 to $199,999	6,350
$200,000 and over	6,390
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,705
Under $5,000	815
$5,000 to $9,999	310
$10,000 to $14,999	480
$15,000 to $19,999	990
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825
$35,000 to $39,999	2,155
$40,000 to $44,999	2,225
$45,000 to $49,999	2,185
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385
$60,000 to $69,999	4,445
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180
$80,000 to $89,999	3,875
$90,000 to $99,999	3,390
$100,000 and over	20,500
$100,000 to $124,999	7,135
$125,000 to $149,999	4,865
$150,000 and over	8,500
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,250
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,215
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,865
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,830
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,380
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,230
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,245
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,935
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,745
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,305
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,495
0 to 17 years	24,365
0 to 5 years	7,070
18 to 64 years	84,575
65 years and over	25,550
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,280
0 to 17 years	2,340
0 to 5 years	670
18 to 64 years	7,025
65 years and over	2,915
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3
65 years and over (%)	11.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	132,655
0 to 17 years	24,190
0 to 5 years	7,025
18 to 64 years	83,600
65 years and over	24,865
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,785
0 to 17 years	915
0 to 5 years	205
18 to 64 years	4,430
65 years and over	445
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,495
In bottom half of the distribution	60,850
In bottom decile	12,730
In second decile	11,570
In third decile	11,810
In fourth decile	11,915
In fifth decile	12,830
In top half of the distribution	73,645
In sixth decile	13,440
In seventh decile	13,750
In eighth decile	14,670
In ninth decile	14,835
In top decile	16,950
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,495
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.340
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.300
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	135,070
English only	124,335
French only	40
English and French	9,710
Neither English nor French	975
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	135,070
English	132,125
French	1,745
English and French	245
Neither English nor French	950
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	135,070
Single responses	132,270
Official languages	115,405
English	113,525
French	1,880
Non-official languages	16,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,835
Afro-Asiatic languages	525
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	20
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	510
Amharic	10
Arabic	460
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	30
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	285
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,220
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	65
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	945
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	155
Kannada	10
Malayalam	65
Tamil	50
Telugu	35
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,870
Albanian	25
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,105
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	2,080
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	190
Macedonian	10
Polish	420
Russian	615
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	315
Bosnian	40
Croatian	150
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	50
Ukrainian	370
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	3,425
Frisian	5
High German languages	2,570
German	2,470
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	100
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695
Afrikaans	160
Dutch	470
Low German, n.o.s.	10
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	50
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	155
Danish	70
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	25
Swedish	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	95
Indo-Iranian languages	4,100
Indo-Aryan languages	3,720
Assamese	0
Bengali	105
Gujarati	95
Hindi	305
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	15
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,000
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	380
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	20
Parsi	5
Pashto	15
Persian languages	345
Dari	20
Iranian Persian	290
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,105
Catalan	5
Italian	505
Portuguese	435
Romanian	165
Spanish	995
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	230
Korean	375
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	75
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,480
Chinese languages	1,465
Hakka	15
Mandarin	915
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	475
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	10
Thai	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	60
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	415
Estonian	5
Finnish	80
Hungarian	325
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,795
English and French	505
English and non-official language(s)	2,005
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	210
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	135,070
English	118,055
French	305
Non-official language	3,750
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	3,745
English and French	1,285
English and non-official language(s)	11,045
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	330
Multiple non-official languages	280
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	135,070
Single responses	132,735
Official languages	125,240
English	124,795
French	445
Non-official languages	7,500
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	315
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	5
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	310
Amharic	0
Arabic	300
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	615
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	30
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	5
Malayalam	30
Tamil	35
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,845
Albanian	10
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	610
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	595
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	35
Macedonian	0
Polish	130
Russian	240
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	10
Croatian	20
Serbian	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	590
Frisian	0
High German languages	450
German	425
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125
Afrikaans	70
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	5
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	35
Indo-Iranian languages	2,820
Indo-Aryan languages	2,635
Assamese	0
Bengali	70
Gujarati	45
Hindi	150
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	40
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	80
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	185
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	175
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	145
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	775
Catalan	5
Italian	90
Portuguese	205
Romanian	55
Spanish	425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	70
Korean	255
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	930
Chinese languages	925
Hakka	5
Mandarin	630
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	255
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	5
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	110
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,335
English and French	165
English and non-official language(s)	2,080
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	135,070
None	124,075
English	3,175
French	1,045
Non-official language	5,515
Indigenous³⁹	30
Non-Indigenous	5,480
English and French	35
English and non-official language(s)	435
French and non-official language(s)	205
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	565
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,580
Official languages	133,595
English	133,565
French	9,740
Non-official languages	23,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	80
Algonquian languages	25
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	705
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	695
Amharic	10
Arabic	590
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	80
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	405
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,655
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45
Cebuano	130
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	65
Ilocano	135
Indonesian	80
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,485
Waray-Waray	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100
Creole languages	140
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	30
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	260
Kannada	0
Malayalam	95
Tamil	130
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	17,200
Albanian	60
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,995
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	2,990
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	35
Czech	235
Macedonian	40
Polish	655
Russian	1,225
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	465
Bosnian	105
Croatian	265
Serbian	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	95
Slovene (Slovenian)	75
Ukrainian	555
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15
Celtic languages	40
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	4,880
Frisian	0
High German languages	3,680
German	3,635
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	85
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,010
Afrikaans	385
Dutch	610
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	310
Danish	100
Icelandic	25
Norwegian	45
Swedish	155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	120
Indo-Iranian languages	5,455
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935
Assamese	0
Bengali	145
Gujarati	135
Hindi	1,630
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	65
Nepali	35
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,890
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	340
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	535
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	510
Dari	35
Iranian Persian	415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,500
Catalan	0
Italian	930
Portuguese	615
Romanian	190
Spanish	3,015
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	515
Korean	535
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	250
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	55
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	80
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	305
American Sign Language	260
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,780
Chinese languages	1,750
Hakka	15
Mandarin	1,315
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	655
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	120
Lao	0
Thai	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	100
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	520
Estonian	10
Finnish	125
Hungarian	385
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,580
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,940
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,600
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,260
Métis	4,305
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110
Non-Indigenous identity	126,640
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,580
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	132,625
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,740
Owner	39,315
Renter	16,425
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,740
Condominium	12,250
Not condominium	43,490
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,740
No bedrooms	625
1 bedroom	5,805
2 bedrooms	15,620
3 bedrooms	14,825
4 or more bedrooms	18,865
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,740
1 to 4 rooms	15,605
5 rooms	7,510
6 rooms	7,105
7 rooms	6,365
8 or more rooms	19,155
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,740
One person or fewer per room	55,015
More than one person per room	725
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,740
Suitable	53,795
Not suitable	1,945
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,740
1960 or before	3,100
1961 to 1980	14,280
1981 to 1990	6,625
1991 to 2000	9,735
2001 to 2005	4,750
2006 to 2010	6,555
2011 to 2015	4,030
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,670
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,740
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,540
Major repairs needed	2,200
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,740
One-maintainer household	25,020
Two-maintainer household	26,895
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,820
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,740
15 to 24 years	2,420
25 to 34 years	7,620
35 to 44 years	9,315
45 to 54 years	9,405
55 to 64 years	11,275
65 to 74 years	9,035
75 to 84 years	4,880
85 years and over	1,795
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,250
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,450
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,800
30% to less than 100%	12,060
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,740
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,845
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,805
Not suitable only	1,495
Major repairs needed only	1,470
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	350
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	625
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	38,895
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,505
In core need	4,085
Not in core need	48,420
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,085
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.6
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,716
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,335
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.4
% in core housing need⁶³	16.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,564
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,580
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,910
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,860
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,185
Métis single ancestry	665
Inuit single ancestry	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,545
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,325
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,605
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,715
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	126,120
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,580
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,795
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,250
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	102,545
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,580
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	112,180
Immigrants⁸¹	19,635
Before 1980	5,560
1980 to 1990	2,075
1991 to 2000	2,810
2001 to 2010	3,890
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,305
2011 to 2015	2,290
2016 to 2021	3,015
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,635
Under 5 years	2,210
5 to 14 years	3,535
15 to 24 years	3,935
25 to 44 years	8,265
45 years and over	1,685
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,635
Americas	2,675
Brazil	135
Colombia	105
El Salvador	90
Guyana	35
Haiti	20
Jamaica	285
Mexico	245
Peru	25
Trinidad and Tobago	30
United States of America	1,345
Other places of birth in Americas	355
Europe	8,400
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100
Croatia	160
France	155
Germany	1,345
Greece	35
Hungary	185
Italy	335
Netherlands	425
Poland	530
Portugal	130
Romania	145
Russian Federation	310
Serbia⁸⁶	85
Ukraine	280
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,955
Other places of birth in Europe	1,215
Africa	890
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	15
Nigeria	45
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	505
Other places of birth in Africa	285
Asia	7,160
Afghanistan	40
Iran⁸⁸	270
Iraq	25
Lebanon	85
Syria⁸⁹	190
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	840
Hong Kong⁹¹	160
Korea, South⁹²	340
Taiwan	70
Philippines	1,370
Viet Nam	285
Bangladesh	80
India	2,370
Pakistan	205
Sri Lanka	40
Other places of birth in Asia	765
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	520
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,015
Americas	610
Brazil	45
Colombia	30
Haiti	10
Jamaica	145
Mexico	75
United States of America	235
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	40
Europe	520
France	10
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	30
Italy	15
Russian Federation	40
Ukraine	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	175
Other places of birth in Europe	145
Africa	100
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	10
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	40
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35
Asia	1,680
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	200
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
India	510
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	20
Japan	15
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	95
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	65
Philippines	420
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	155
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	15
Viet Nam	55
Other places of birth in Asia	55
Oceania and other⁹³	100
Australia	70
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,580
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,215
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,765
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,905
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,140
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,770
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,750
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,360
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	235
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	615
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	985
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,405
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,580
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,330
South Asian	5,955
Chinese	2,355
Black	1,515
Filipino	2,050
Arab	475
Latin American	1,090
Southeast Asian	830
West Asian	520
Korean	560
Japanese	1,090
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	290
Multiple visible minorities	585
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	117,250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,580
Canadian	17,345
English	35,500
Irish	21,575
Scottish	26,305
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,450
German	26,210
Chinese	2,595
Italian	5,850
Indian (India)	3,580
Ukrainian	10,895
Dutch	6,245
Polish	5,865
Québécois	215
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,105
Filipino	1,890
French Canadian	1,265
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,380
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,345
Métis	3,625
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,115
Russian	5,235
Norwegian	5,065
Welsh	3,205
Portuguese	965
American	2,325
Spanish	935
Swedish	3,785
Hungarian	2,250
Acadian	230
Pakistani	290
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	535
Jewish	795
Punjabi	1,205
Vietnamese	505
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	210
Greek	635
Jamaican	390
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	360
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	710
Korean	585
Romanian	1,080
Lebanese	355
Iranian	355
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	335
Danish	1,770
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	660
Sikh	950
Austrian	2,000
Belgian	755
Haitian	35
Hindu	260
Mexican	510
Mennonite	755
Swiss	1,120
Finnish	965
Sri Lankan	30
Croatian	810
Japanese	1,330
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	185
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,175
Muslim	70
Egyptian	85
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	225
Tamil	15
Icelandic	890
Colombian	125
Moroccan	40
Czech	925
Syrian	325
Guyanese	50
Afghan	35
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95
Serbian	270
Ojibway	160
Newfoundlander	125
Hong Konger	120
Ontarian	120
Persian	225
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95
Turkish	120
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65
Bangladeshi	100
Algerian	0
Brazilian	305
Nigerian	115
Armenian	55
Slovak	415
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	310
Somali	30
Taiwanese	145
Iraqi	30
Salvadorean	90
African Caribbean	40
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60
Algonquin	85
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40
Lithuanian	125
South African	445
Australian	675
Palestinian	0
Chilean	160
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	80
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120
Peruvian	75
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	0
Albanian	65
Maltese	105
Macedonian	55
Slovenian	275
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	30
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	15
Israeli	105
Mohawk	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	275
Bulgarian	90
Albertan	170
Ghanaian	40
Barbadian	45
African American	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145
Cuban	35
Bosnian	150
Venezuelan	40
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	85
Bengali	10
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	70
Indonesian	185
Laotian	10
Ilocano	85
Northern Irish	125
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	160
British Columbian	530
Ecuadorian	25
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	110
Estonian	100
Kurdish	15
Fijian	105
Jatt	80
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	120
Dominican	0
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	15
Igbo	75
Byelorussian	60
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	85
Abenaki	10
Moldovan	50
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80
New Zealander	185
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75
Malaysian	45
Plains Cree	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	95
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	50
Mauritian	25
Kenyan	40
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	20
Manitoban	55
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	30
Mayan	35
Honduran	25
Cherokee	105
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	20
United Empire Loyalist	35
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	50
Pashtun	0
Malay	25
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	55
Burmese	40
Mongolian	45
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	15
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	20
Costa Rican	40
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	35
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,580
Buddhist	655
Christian	52,490
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	14,615
Anabaptist	880
Anglican	3,800
Baptist	2,510
Catholic	15,740
Christian Orthodox	825
Jehovah's Witness	1,170
Latter Day Saints	485
Lutheran	2,250
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,155
Presbyterian	685
Reformed	165
United Church	4,690
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,380
Hindu	990
Jewish	470
Muslim	1,285
Sikh	3,525
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,280
No religion and secular perspectives	73,825
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,590
Non-movers	110,710
Movers	22,875
Non-migrants	13,325
Migrants	9,550
Internal migrants	8,360
Intraprovincial migrants	4,910
Interprovincial migrants	3,460
External migrants	1,190
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,795
Non-movers	65,980
Movers	62,815
Non-migrants	25,945
Migrants	36,870
Internal migrants	31,650
Intraprovincial migrants	20,245
Interprovincial migrants	11,410
External migrants	5,220
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,570
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,295
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	98,275
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,240
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	114,570
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,395
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,740
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,655
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,805
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,720
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,580
Bachelor's degree	17,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,835
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	935
Master's degree	5,710
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,985
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,245
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,325
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,595
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,730
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,465
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,290
Bachelor's degree	13,915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	740
Master's degree	4,465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	840
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	114,570
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,075
Education	4,860
13. Education	4,860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,050
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330
50. Visual and performing arts	1,720
Humanities	2,970
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265
23. English language and literature/letters	725
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185
39. Theology and religious vocations	395
54. History	350
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,185
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	560
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	1,455
45. Social sciences	1,920
Business, management and public administration	14,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,025
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,050
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	735
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65
40. Physical sciences	725
41. Science technologies/technicians	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,060
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,605
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	290
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,810
04. Architecture and related services	385
14. Engineering	2,345
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,950
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	3,840
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,965
48. Precision production	1,330
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	955
03. Natural resources and conservation	540
Health and related fields	11,540
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	985
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,655
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,435
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	400
49. Transportation and materials moving	790
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,175
Education	3,050
13. Education	3,050
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220
50. Visual and performing arts	1,335
Humanities	2,175
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185
23. English language and literature/letters	590
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150
39. Theology and religious vocations	235
54. History	280
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705
22. Legal professions and studies	925
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65
42. Psychology	1,070
45. Social sciences	1,465
Business, management and public administration	10,380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	820
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,540
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,955
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	825
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50
40. Physical sciences	515
41. Science technologies/technicians	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,385
25. Library science	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	210
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,080
04. Architecture and related services	270
14. Engineering	1,800
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,880
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,030
48. Precision production	910
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	690
03. Natural resources and conservation	450
Health and related fields	8,735
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,685
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,695
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	280
49. Transportation and materials moving	625
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,245
Location of study inside Canada	41,270
Same as province or territory of residence	28,460
Different than province or territory of residence	12,810
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,975
Americas	1,950
United States of America	1,480
Mexico	110
Cuba	10
Haiti	10
Jamaica	95
Brazil	115
Colombia	40
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	50
Europe	1,885
Belgium	15
France	110
Germany	215
Netherlands	70
Switzerland	30
Hungary	25
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	55
Romania	55
Russian Federation	95
Ukraine	95
Ireland⁹⁶	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	40
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	175
Africa	315
Nigeria	15
Algeria	0
Morocco	20
Tunisia	0
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	220
Other locations of study in Africa	40
Asia	2,470
Iran⁸⁸	95
Iraq	0
Israel	20
Lebanon	25
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	250
Taiwan	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
Japan	70
Korea, South⁹²	160
Philippines	770
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	20
Sri Lanka	10
India	730
Pakistan	70
Other locations of study in Asia	135
Oceania	355
Australia	300
New Zealand	50
Other locations of study in Oceania	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	114,570
In the labour force	76,190
Employed	70,195
Unemployed	5,990
Not in the labour force	38,380
Participation rate	66.5
Employment rate	61.3
Unemployment rate	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	114,570
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,715
Worked	75,850
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,035
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,815
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	76,185
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	74,925
Employee	60,090
Permanent position	49,715
Temporary position	10,375
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,475
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,900
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,835
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	76,185
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All occupations¹⁹¹	74,925
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	980
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,260
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,065
3 Health occupations	6,870
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,025
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,355
6 Sales and service occupations	20,280
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,320
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,385
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	76,185
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,265
All industries¹⁹¹	74,925
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,605
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	810
22 Utilities	425
23 Construction	8,890
31-33 Manufacturing	3,745
41 Wholesale trade	2,265
44-45 Retail trade	9,355
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,130
51 Information and cultural industries	1,410
52 Finance and insurance	2,405
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,750
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,420
61 Educational services	5,565
62 Health care and social assistance	10,595
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,890
72 Accommodation and food services	5,625
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,320
91 Public administration	2,435
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	81,865
English	79,555
French	100
Non-official language	330
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	330
English and French	625
English and non-official language(s)	1,195
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	81,865
Single responses	81,600
Official languages	81,060
English	80,865
French	190
Non-official languages	545
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	545
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	350
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	25
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	215
Indo-Aryan languages	205
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	40
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120
Chinese languages	120
Hakka	0
Mandarin	70
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	265
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	170
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	81,865
None	80,230
English	300
French	465
Non-official language	755
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	755
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	80
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,200
Worked at home	14,240
Worked outside Canada	185
No fixed workplace address	11,080
Usual place of work	44,690
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	44,690
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	35,185
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,890
Commute to a different province or territory	555
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	55,775
Car, truck or van	48,860
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45,640
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,220
Public transit	1,735
Walked	2,535
Bicycle	1,080
Other method	1,555
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	55,775
Less than 15 minutes	21,195
15 to 29 minutes	24,440
30 to 44 minutes	6,775
45 to 59 minutes	1,475
60 minutes and over	1,875
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	55,775
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,220
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,850
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,945
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,560
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,580
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,625
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,285
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,715
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,255
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,460

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released March 29, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 2, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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