Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CanadaMore information: [Country]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	746,560	...	...
Row house	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	808,645	...	...
Without children	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	663,835	...	...
One-person households	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	65	40	25
Tahltan	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	120	50	65
Tlingit	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25
Haida	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	225	85	140
Inuktitut	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	355	150	205
Cayuga	35	15	15
Mohawk	275	115	155
Oneida	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	30	15	15
Michif	485	220	265
Salish languages	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	185	90	95
Lillooet	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	265	125	140
Squamish	25	10	15
Straits	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25
Siouan languages	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	70	40	25
Dakota	560	245	315
Stoney	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	590	300	290
Nisga'a	325	155	170
Tsimshian	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	770	385	385
Haisla	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	395	225	170
Chadic languages	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	1,315	740	570
Mina	675	340	335
Coptic	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	755	400	350
Semitic languages	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	1,600	805	795
Harari	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	835	415	425
Malay	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	600	315	290
Krio	795	365	435
Morisyen	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	370	170	195
Georgian	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	720	325	395
Bulgarian	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	440	235	205
Celtic languages	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	425	210	210
Welsh	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	230	135	95
Germanic languages	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	1,570	800	775
High German languages	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	905	430	480
Norwegian	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,330	670	660
Greek	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	545	265	280
Bengali	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	745	395	350
Konkani	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	1,775	940	835
Odia	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	545	265	280
Sindhi	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	555	305	250
Kurdish	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	555	310	240
Pashto	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	905	470	440
Italian	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	385	195	185
Japanese	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	1,685	745	940
Éwé	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	815	400	415
Ganda	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	760	320	440
Igbo	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	520	245	275
Mòoré	515	260	260
Mwani	695	365	325
Ndebele	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	520	200	320
Swahili	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	1,030	495	535
Wolof	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	575	305	270
Sign languages	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	870	400	475
Karenic languages	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	615	305	315
Tibetan	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	410	165	240
Turkic languages	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	540	230	305
Turkish	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	5
Tahltan	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	40	20	20
Tlingit	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5
Haida	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	50	25	25
Inuktitut	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	100	45	55
Cayuga	15	10	5
Mohawk	65	30	40
Oneida	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	5	0
Michif	150	80	70
Salish languages	260	130	130
Halkomelem	50	20	30
Lillooet	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	85	40	40
Squamish	5	0	5
Straits	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Siouan languages	240	110	130
Assiniboine	10	5	10
Dakota	120	65	60
Stoney	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	120	65	55
Nisga'a	85	40	45
Tsimshian	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	70	25	40
Haisla	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	280	155	130
Chadic languages	835	425	410
Hausa	635	330	305
Mina	200	95	105
Coptic	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	1,645	890	760
Oromo	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205
Semitic languages	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	1,220	605	615
Harari	680	305	380
Hebrew	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	795	360	435
Tigrigna	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	725	370	355
Merina	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	390	205	190
Malay	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	300	125	175
Krio	360	150	210
Morisyen	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	205	105	105
Georgian	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	880	395	485
Lithuanian	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	215	100	115
Bulgarian	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	640	315	325
Slovak	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40
Celtic languages	555	295	265
Irish	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	105	55	55
Welsh	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15
Germanic languages	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	270	110	155
High German languages	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	615	280	340
Icelandic	175	75	95
Norwegian	260	125	135
Swedish	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	740	355	390
Greek	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	215	110	110
Bengali	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	270	130	140
Konkani	880	415	470
Marathi	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	795	420	375
Odia	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	410	195	215
Sindhi	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	330	170	155
Kurdish	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	280	130	150
Pashto	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	370	185	190
Italian	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95
Japanese	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	560	280	280
Edo	365	150	215
Éwé	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,315	665	650
Ga	260	115	150
Ganda	555	260	295
Gikuyu	105	50	55
Igbo	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	90	35	60
Mòoré	70	30	35
Mwani	160	85	75
Ndebele	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	1,035	480	555
Soninke	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	130	45	85
Swahili	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	290	130	160
Wolof	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	900	485	420
Nuer	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	140	75	70
Sign languages	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	660	320	340
Karenic languages	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210
Tibetan	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	210	85	125
Turkic languages	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	105	55	50
Turkish	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	850	420	435
Uzbek	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	410	195	210
Uralic languages	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	615	245	370
Finnish	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	390	195	195
Multiple responses	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	245	130	115
Tahltan	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	290	140	150
Tlingit	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55
Haida	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	350	145	205
Inuktitut	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	230	95	135
Mohawk	1,605	655	950
Oneida	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	215	90	120
Michif	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	1,090	510	580
Squamish	350	165	185
Straits	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	360	190	175
Siouan languages	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	370	195	175
Dakota	1,530	715	810
Stoney	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	1,565	785	780
Malay	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	970	450	520
Georgian	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	770	385	385
Celtic languages	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	910	495	415
Germanic languages	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,275	720	555
Greek	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	1,155	590	565
Bengali	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	1,830	965	865
Konkani	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	765	345	420
Sindhi	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	985	565	420
Kurdish	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	1,000	535	470
Pashto	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	1,305	580	725
Swahili	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	845	395	450
Tibetan	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	800	330	465
Turkic languages	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	1,415	600	815
Turkish	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	52,040

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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