2006 Census Profile for Statistical Area Classification

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Profile for Statistical Area Classification, 2006 Census

About this variable: Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories (435)

Definition

Note: Employed (in reference week)

Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):

(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice

(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Ethnic origin

In 2006, the Ethnic origin question asked: 'What were the ethnic or cultural origins of this person's ancestors?' Respondents were asked to specify as many origins as applicable. Four write-in spaces were provided and up to six ethnic origins were retained.

Since 1981, when respondents were first permitted to report more than one ethnic origin in the census, a distinction has been made between single and multiple ethnic origin responses. A 'single' response is given when a respondent provides one ethnic origin only. A 'multiple' response is given when a respondent provides two or more ethnic origins. A 'total response' indicates the sum of single and multiple responses for each specific group.

It must be noted that the measurement of ethnicity is affected by changes in the social environment in which the question is asked, and changes in the respondent's understanding or views about the topic. Awareness of family background or length of time since immigration can affect responses to the ethnic origin question. Some respondents may confuse or combine the concept of ethnic origin with other concepts such as citizenship, nationality, language or cultural identity.

As well, some respondents may choose to provide very specific ethnic origins in the census, while others may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ethnic ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different ethnic origins. For example, one respondent may report 'East Indian' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Punjabi' or 'South Asian' origins; one respondent may report 'Black' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Ghanaian' or 'African.' As a result, ethnic origin data are very fluid, and counts for certain origins, such as 'East Indian' and 'Black,' may seem lower than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for two or more ethnic origins together or use counts for ethnic categories such as 'South Asian origins' or 'African origins.'

For additional information on issues related to the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, and on the comparability of ethnic origin data over time, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue number 97-562-GWE2006025.

Note: First official language spoken

The definitions of first official language spoken and official language minority are outlined in the Official Languages (Communications with and Services to the Public) Regulations issued pursuant to the Official Languages Act (1988).

Information on first official language spoken is not collected directly from respondents. Rather, it is derived from three language variables on the census questionnaire: knowledge of official languages, mother tongue, and home language (language spoken most often at home). The first step in the derivation of this variable is to examine the respondent's knowledge of English and French. A person who speaks only English has English assigned as the first official language, while a person who speaks only French has French assigned. If the person can speak both English and French, then the mother tongue variable is examined. If the mother tongue is English, then English is the first official language spoken. The same procedure is used for French. Thus, a person who speaks English and French, and has French as mother tongue, would have French assigned as the first official language spoken.

If the respondent speaks both English and French, and indicates English and French as mother tongue, then the 'home language' variable is examined to assign the first official language spoken. In this circumstance, a home language of English would result in English being assigned as first official language spoken, while a home language of French would result in French being assigned as first official language spoken. Consequently, a person who speaks both English and French, has both official languages as mother tongue and English as home language, would have English assigned as first official language spoken.

Situations where the respondents can speak English and French, and have both languages as mother tongue and home language, are assigned English and French as first official language spoken.

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories. The size of the official language minority is determined by adding the minority population and half of the 'English and French' population. For example, in Ontario, the official language minority is the sum of those who have French as their first official language spoken and half of those who have English and French as first official language spoken.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Household type

Refers to the basic division of private households into family and non-family households. Family household refers to a household that contains at least one census family, that is, a married couple with or without children, or a couple living common-law with or without children, or a lone parent living with one or more children (lone-parent family). One-family household refers to a single census family (with or without other persons) that occupies a private dwelling. Multiple-family household refers to a household in which two or more census families (with or without additional persons) occupy the same private dwelling.

Non-family household refers to either one person living alone in a private dwelling or to a group of two or more people who share a private dwelling, but who do not constitute a census family.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Household universe

The household universe pertains to the person or the group of persons (other than temporary or foreign residents) who occupy a dwelling. Household variables are distinct from dwelling variables, in that the latter ones pertain to dwelling characteristics, not to persons occupying dwellings. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Impact of municipal restructuring

The boundaries and names of municipalities (census subdivisions) can change from one census to the next because of annexations, dissolutions and incorporations. To bridge the impact of these municipal changes on data dissemination, the 2006 Census team is producing a profile for dissolved census subdivisions. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Inter-census division migrants (1 year ago) subuniverse

Inter-census division migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census division from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Note: Inter-census division migrants (5 years ago) subuniverse

Inter-census division migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census division from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Note: Inter-census metropolitan area migrants (1 year ago) subuniverse

Inter-census metropolitan area migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census metropolitan area from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Note: Inter-census metropolitan area migrants (5 years ago) subuniverse

Inter-census metropolitan area migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census metropolitan area from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Note: Interprovincial migrants (1 year ago) subuniverse

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

Note: Interprovincial migrants (5 years ago) subuniverse

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different census subdivision from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

Note: Knowledge of various languages

Official and non-official languages are included in this table.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Note: Major field of study - Classification of instructional programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000

For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

Note: Migration data for small geographic areas

Estimates of internal migration may be less accurate for small geographic areas, areas with a place name that is duplicated elsewhere, and for some census subdivisions (CSDs) where residents may have provided the name of the census metropolitan area or census agglomeration instead of the specific name of the component CSD from which they migrated.

To improve the accuracy of the 2006 Census data, postal codes are used to pinpoint the exact CSD of the previous residence.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (1 year ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (1 year ago)' universe includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (5 years ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (5 years ago)' universe includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Non-permanent residents and the census universe

In the 2006 Census, non-permanent residents are defined as people from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living in Canada with them. In the 1991, 1996 and 2001 censuses, non-permanent residents also included persons who held a Minister's permit; this was discontinued by Citizenship and Immigration Canada prior to the 2006 Census.

From 1991 on, the Census of Population has enumerated both permanent and non-permanent residents of Canada. Prior to 1991, only permanent residents of Canada were included in the census. (The only exception to this occurred in 1941.) Non-permanent residents were considered foreign residents and were not enumerated.

Total population counts, as well as counts for all variables, are affected by this change in the census universe. Users should be especially careful when comparing data from 1991, 1996, 2001 or 2006 with data from previous censuses in geographic areas where there is a concentration of non-permanent residents.

Today in Canada, non-permanent residents make up a significant segment of the population, especially in several census metropolitan areas. Their presence can affect the demand for such government services as health care, schooling, employment programs and language training. The inclusion of non-permanent residents in the census facilitates comparisons with provincial and territorial statistics (marriages, divorces, births and deaths) which include this population. In addition, this inclusion of non-permanent residents brings Canadian practice closer to the United Nations (UN) recommendation that long-term residents (persons living in a country for one year or longer) be enumerated in the census.

Although every attempt has been made to enumerate non-permanent residents, factors such as language difficulties, the reluctance to complete a government form or to understand the need to participate may have affected the enumeration of this population.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

For counts of the non-permanent resident population in 1991, 2001 and 2006, please refer to the 2006 Census table 97-557-XCB2006006.

Note: Occupied private dwelling

Refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on Census Day. Unless otherwise specified, all data in housing products are for occupied private dwellings, rather than for unoccupied private dwellings or dwellings occupied solely by foreign and/or temporary residents. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Population 15 years and over who worked since 2005

Refers to those who have worked since January 1, 2005, regardless of whether or not they were in the labour force in the reference week. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Population universe

The population universe of the 2006 Census includes the following groups:
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants with a usual place of residence in Canada;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants who are abroad, either on a military base or attached to a diplomatic mission;
- Canadian citizens (by birth or by naturalization) and landed immigrants at sea or in port aboard merchant vessels under Canadian registry;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who are claiming refugee status and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Study Permits and members of their families living with them;
- persons with a usual place of residence in Canada who hold Work Permits and members of their families living with them.

For census purposes, the last three groups in this list are referred to as 'non-permanent residents'. For further information, refer to the variable Immigration: Non-permanent resident found in the 2006 Census Dictionary, catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Prevalence of low income rates (before- or after-tax)

Prevalence of low income rates (before- or after-tax) are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Note: Suppression of citizenship and immigration data on Indian reserves and settlements

Persons living on Indian reserves and Indian settlements who were enumerated with the 2006 Census Form 2D questionnaire were not asked the questions on citizenship (Question 10), landed immigrant status (Question 11) and year of immigration (Question 12). Consequently, citizenship, landed immigrant status and period of immigration data are suppressed using zeros for Indian reserves and Indian settlements at census subdivision and lower levels of geography where the majority of the population was enumerated with the 2D Form. These data are, however, included in the totals for larger geographic areas, such as census divisions and provinces. For more information on the census data quality and confidentiality standards and guidelines relating to Indian reserves, please refer to http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/reference/notes/DQguidelines/DQguide_IndianReserves.cfm.
For a complete list of Indian reserves and Indian settlements for which citizenship, landed immigrant status and period of immigration data are suppressed using zeros, please refer to http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/reference/notes/supplist2D.cfm.

Note: Value of dwelling

Post-censual evaluation of data for Value of dwelling has revealed that for some smaller communities there are a few high values of dwelling that cause substantial differences between the average and median values of dwelling. In most cases, the few high values of dwelling reflect the range of different housing characteristics in the community. However, in some instances, the high values of dwelling may reflect a response error where the value was overreported. Furthermore, in some smaller communities, high non-response rates for the Value of dwelling question resulted in some high values of dwelling being estimated during data processing. Data users should consider both average and median values of dwelling as well as the community housing characteristics when examining data for Value of dwelling in small communities.

Census subdivisions most affected by high values of dwellings are:

Capital H (Part 2) (British Columbia)
Hart Butte No. 11 (Saskatchewan)
Barkmere (Quebec)
Northern Rockies B (British Columbia)
Silver Beach (Alberta)
Sainte-Praxède (Quebec)
Terra Nova (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Rushoon (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Eldon No. 471 (Saskatchewan)
Improvement District No. 4 (Alberta)
Estérel (Quebec)
Senneville (Quebec)
Greater Vancouver A (British Columbia)
La Morandière (Quebec)
Stanbridge Station (Quebec)
Lestock (Saskatchewan)
Poplar Bay (Alberta)
Bonnyville Beach (Alberta)
Spalding No. 368 (Saskatchewan)
Jarvis Bay (Alberta)

Values

Total population by age groups - 100% data ^{Footnote 1}
0 to 4 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 to 84 years
85 years and over
Median age of the population ^{Footnote 20}
% of the population 15 years and over
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital status - 100% data ^{Footnote 22}
Never legally married (single)
Legally married (and not separated) ^{Footnote 24}
Separated, but still legally married
Divorced
Widowed
Total population 15 years and over by common-law status - 100% data ^{Footnote 28}
Not in a common-law relationship
In a common-law relationship
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity population - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 31}
Total Aboriginal identity population ^{Footnote 32}
North American Indian single response ^{Footnote 33}
Métis single response
Inuit single response
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere ^{Footnote 37}
Non-Aboriginal identity population
Total population by mother tongue - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 39}
English
French
Non-official languages
English and French
English and non-official language
French and non-official language
English, French and non-official language
Total population by knowledge of official languages - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 47}
English only
French only
English and French
Neither English nor French
Total population by first official language spoken - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 52}
English
French
English and French
Neither English nor French
Official language minority - (number) ^{Footnote 57}
Official language minority - (percentage) ^{Footnote 58}
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 59}
Non-movers
Movers
Non-migrants
Migrants
Internal migrants
Intraprovincial migrants
Interprovincial migrants
External migrants
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 68}
Non-movers
Movers
Non-migrants
Migrants
Internal migrants
Intraprovincial migrants
Interprovincial migrants
External migrants
Total population by immigrant status and period of immigration - 20% sample data
Non-immigrants
Immigrants ^{Footnote 79}
Before 1991
1991 to 2000
2001 to 2006 ^{Footnote 82}
Non-permanent residents ^{Footnote 83}
Total population by citizenship - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 84}
Canadian citizens
Canadian citizens under age 18
Canadian citizens age 18 and over
Not Canadian citizens ^{Footnote 88}
Total population 15 years and older by generation status - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 89}
1st generation ^{Footnote 90}
2nd generation ^{Footnote 91}
3rd generation or more ^{Footnote 92}
Total population by visible minority groups - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 93}
Chinese
South Asian ^{Footnote 95}
Black
Filipino
Latin American
Southeast Asian ^{Footnote 99}
Arab
West Asian ^{Footnote 101}
Korean
Japanese
Visible minority, n.i.e. ^{Footnote 104}
Multiple visible minority ^{Footnote 105}
Not a visible minority ^{Footnote 106}
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 107}
No certificate, diploma or degree
Certificate, diploma or degree
High school certificate or equivalent ^{Footnote 110}
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma ^{Footnote 112}
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level ^{Footnote 113}
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or above ^{Footnote 114}
Bachelor's degree
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry
Master's degree
Earned doctorate
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000 - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 120}
Education
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies
Humanities
Social and behavioural sciences and law
Business, management and public administration
Physical and life sciences and technologies
Mathematics, computer and information sciences
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation
Health, parks, recreation and fitness
Personal, protective and transportation services
Other fields of study ^{Footnote 132}
Total population 25 to 64 years with postsecondary qualification by location of study - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 133}
Inside Canada
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon Territory
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside Canada
Total population 15 years and over reporting hours spent doing unpaid work - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 149}
Total population 15 years and over reporting hours spent doing unpaid housework - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 150}
Total population 15 years and over reporting hours spent looking after children, without pay - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 151}
Total population 15 years and over reporting hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 152}
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activity - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 153}
In the labour force ^{Footnote 154}
Employed ^{Footnote 155}
Unemployed ^{Footnote 156}
Not in the labour force ^{Footnote 157}
Participation rate ^{Footnote 158}
Employment rate ^{Footnote 159}
Unemployment rate ^{Footnote 160}
Total population 25 to 64 years by labour force activity - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 161}
In the labour force ^{Footnote 162}
Employed ^{Footnote 163}
Unemployed ^{Footnote 164}
Not in the labour force ^{Footnote 165}
Participation rate ^{Footnote 166}
Employment rate ^{Footnote 167}
Unemployment rate ^{Footnote 168}
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of worker - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 169}
Class of worker - Not applicable ^{Footnote 170}
All classes of worker ^{Footnote 171}
Paid workers
Employees
Self-employed (incorporated)
Without paid help
With paid help
Self-employed (unincorporated)
Without paid help
With paid help
Unpaid family workers
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 181}
Occupation - Not applicable ^{Footnote 182}
All occupations ^{Footnote 183}
A Management occupations
B Business, finance and administrative occupations
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations
D Health occupations
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport
G Sales and service occupations
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations
I Occupations unique to primary industry
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002 - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 194}
Industry - Not applicable ^{Footnote 195}
All industries ^{Footnote 196}
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction
22 Utilities
23 Construction
31-33 Manufacturing
41 Wholesale trade
44-45 Retail trade
48-49 Transportation and warehousing
51 Information and cultural industries
52 Finance and insurance
53 Real estate and rental and leasing
54 Professional, scientific and technical services
55 Management of companies and enterprises
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services
61 Educational services
62 Health care and social assistance
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation
72 Accommodation and food services
81 Other services (except public administration)
91 Public administration
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work status - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 217}
Usual place of work
At home
Outside Canada
No fixed workplace address
Total employed labour force 15 years and over with usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 222}
Car, truck, van, as driver
Car, truck, van, as passenger
Public transit
Walked
Bicycle
Motorcycle
Taxicab
Other method
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at work - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 231}
English
French
Non-official languages
English and French
English and non-official language
French and non-official language
English, French and non-official language
Total number of occupied private dwellings - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 239}
Average number of rooms per dwelling ^{Footnote 240}
Average number of bedrooms per dwelling ^{Footnote 241}
Total number of occupied private dwellings by housing tenure - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 242}
Owned
Rented
Band housing
Total number of occupied private dwellings by condition of dwelling - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 246}
Regular maintenance only
Minor repairs
Major repairs
Total number of occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 250}
Period of construction, before 1946
Period of construction, 1946 to 1960
Period of construction, 1961 to 1970
Period of construction, 1971 to 1980
Period of construction, 1981 to 1985
Period of construction, 1986 to 1990
Period of construction, 1991 to 1995
Period of construction, 1996 to 2000
Period of construction, 2001 to 2006 ^{Footnote 259}
Total number of occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data ^{Footnote 260}
Single-detached house
Semi-detached house
Row house
Apartment, duplex
Apartment, building that has five or more storeys
Apartment, building that has fewer than five storeys
Other single-attached house
Movable dwelling ^{Footnote 268}
Total number of private households by household size - 100% data ^{Footnote 269}
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 to 5 persons
6 or more persons
Total number of private households by household type - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 275}
One-family households ^{Footnote 276}
Multiple-family households
Non-family households
Number of persons in private households
Average number of persons in private households
Tenant-occupied private non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than zero ^{Footnote 281}
Average gross rent $ ^{Footnote 282}
Tenant-occupied households spending 30% or more of household income on gross rent ^{Footnote 283}
Tenant-occupied households spending from 30% to 99% of household income on gross rent ^{Footnote 284}
Owner-occupied private non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than zero ^{Footnote 285}
Average owner major payments $ ^{Footnote 286}
Owner households spending 30% or more of household income on owner's major payments ^{Footnote 287}
Owner households spending 30% to 99% of household income on owner's major payments ^{Footnote 288}
Average value of dwelling $ ^{Footnote 289}
Total - Household income in 2005 of private households - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 290}
Under $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $59,999
$60,000 to $69,999
$70,000 to $79,999
$80,000 to $89,999
$90,000 to $99,999
$100,000 and over
Median household income $
Average household income $
Standard error of average household income $
Total - After-tax income in 2005 of private households - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 305}
Under $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $59,999
$60,000 to $69,999
$70,000 to $79,999
$80,000 to $89,999
$90,000 to $99,999
$100,000 and over
Median after-tax household income $
Average after-tax household income $
Standard error of average household after-tax income $
Total number of census families in private households by family structure - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 320}
Total couple families
Married couples families
Without children at home
With children at home
Total families of common-law couples
Without children at home
With children at home
Total lone-parent families
Female parent
Male parent
Total number of economic families in private households by size of family - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 331}
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5 or more persons
Total number of persons in economic families ^{Footnote 336}
Average number of persons per economic family
Total number of persons not in an economic family
Family income in 2005 of economic families - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 339}
Under $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $59,999
$60,000 to $69,999
$70,000 to $79,999
$80,000 to $89,999
$90,000 to $99,999
$100,000 and over
Median family income $
Average family income $
Standard error of average family income $
Composition of family income in 2005 for all economic families % - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 354}
Employment income %
Government transfer payments %
Other %
After-tax income in 2005 of economic families - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 358}
Under $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $59,999
$60,000 to $69,999
$70,000 to $79,999
$80,000 and over
Median after-tax family income $
Average after-tax family income $
Standard error of average after-tax family income $
Total economic families - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 371}
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 % ^{Footnote 372}
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 % ^{Footnote 373}
Total income in 2005 of population 15 years and over - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 374}
Without income
With income
Under $1,000 ^{Footnote 377}
$1,000 to $2,999
$3,000 to $4,999
$5,000 to $6,999
$7,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $11,999
$12,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $24,999
$25,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $34,999
$35,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $44,999
$45,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $59,999
$60,000 and over
Median income $ ^{Footnote 393}
Average income $ ^{Footnote 394}
Standard error of average income $ ^{Footnote 395}
Total after-tax income in 2005 of population 15 years and over - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 396}
Without after-tax income
With after-tax income
Under $1,000 ^{Footnote 399}
$1,000 to $2,999
$3,000 to $4,999
$5,000 to $6,999
$7,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $11,999
$12,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $24,999
$25,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $34,999
$35,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $44,999
$45,000 to $49,999
$50,000 and over
Median after-tax income $ ^{Footnote 414}
Average after-tax income $ ^{Footnote 415}
Standard error of average after-tax income $ ^{Footnote 416}
Total population 15 years and over with employment income - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 417}
Median employment income in 2005 $
Average employment income in 2005 $
Standard error of average employment income $
Worked full year, full time ^{Footnote 421}
Median employment income in 2005 $
Average employment income in 2005 $
Standard error of average employment income $
Worked part year or part time ^{Footnote 425}
Median employment income in 2005 $
Average employment income in 2005 $
Standard error of average employment income $
Composition of income in 2005 for persons 15 years and over not in economic families % - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 429}
Employment income %
Government transfer payments %
Other %
Total persons 15 years and over not in economic families - 20% sample data ^{Footnote 433}
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 % ^{Footnote 434}
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 % ^{Footnote 435}

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Includes institutional residents.

Age
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 20

The median age is an age 'x', such that exactly one half of the population is older than 'x' and the other half is younger than 'x'.

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Footnote 22

Includes institutional residents.

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single) - Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated) - Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married - Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced - Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed - Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 24

Since 1996, Aboriginal people married according to traditional customs were instructed to report themselves as legally married.

In 2006, legally married same-sex couples are included in this category.

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Footnote 28

Includes institutional residents.

Common-law status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 31

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 32

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 37

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 39

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 47

Knowledge of official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 52

First official language spoken
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 57

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 58

The official language minority is English in Quebec and French in all other provinces and territories.

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Footnote 59

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 79

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are more recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 83

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit, or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 84

Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries.' The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 89

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 91

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 92

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 93

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 95

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 101

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 104

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Kurd,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 105

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 106

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 107

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of "Highest certificate, diploma or degree" is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 110

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 112

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non-university certificate or diploma' used in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non-degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 113

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 114

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 120

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.
For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

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Footnote 132

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.

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Footnote 133

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma, or degree above high school level was completed.

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Footnote 149

Includes all persons reporting hours of unpaid housework; hours looking after children, without pay; or hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the number of persons reporting hours of unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Unpaid housework includes work for one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.
Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 151

Refers to the number of persons reporting hours spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).
Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 152

Refers to the number of persons reporting hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).
Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

Age
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

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Footnote 154

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 155

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice;
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

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Footnote 157

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 158

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rate = Labour force divided by Population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rate = Employed divided by Population 15 years and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unemployment rate = Unemployed divided by Labour force X 100.

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

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Footnote 163

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Footnote 164

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Footnote 165

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Footnote 166

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Footnote 167

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Footnote 168

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Footnote 169

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:

a. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
b. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
c. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 171

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 181

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue no. 12-583-XIE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 182

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005, only.

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Footnote 183

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 194

Industry (based on the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] 2002)
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the NAICS 2002) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2002. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

Return to footnote 194 referrer

Footnote 195

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 196

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 217

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 222

Mode of transportation
Part A - Plain language definition
Main means a person uses to travel between home and place of work (by car, on foot, on public transit, or by some other means).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the mode of transportation to work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 231

Language of work
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 239

Dwelling, occupied private
Part A - Plain language definition
A separate set of living quarters which has a private entrance either directly from outside or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway leading to the outside, and in which a person or a group of persons live permanently.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on Census Day. Unless otherwise specified, all data in housing products are for occupied private dwellings, rather than for unoccupied private dwellings or dwellings occupied solely by foreign and/or temporary residents.

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Footnote 240

Rooms
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of rooms in a dwelling. A room is an enclosed area within a dwelling which is finished and suitable for year-round living.

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Footnote 241

Bedrooms
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to all rooms designed and furnished as bedrooms and used mainly for sleeping purposes, even though the use may be occasional (e.g., spare bedroom).

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Footnote 242

Tenure
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether some member of the household owns or rents the dwelling, or whether the dwelling is Band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement).

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Footnote 246

Condition of dwelling
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether, in the judgment of the respondent, the dwelling requires any repairs (excluding desirable remodeling or additions).

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Footnote 250

Period of construction
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

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Footnote 259

Includes data up to May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 260

Structural type of dwelling
Part A - Plain language definition
Characteristics that define a dwelling's structure, for example, the characteristics of a single-detached house, a semi-detached house, a row house, or an apartment or flat in a duplex.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc. In 2006, improvements to the enumeration process and changes in structural type classification affect the historical comparability of the 'structural type of dwelling' variable. In 2006, 'apartment or flat in a duplex' replaces 'apartment or flat in a detached duplex' and includes duplexes attached to other dwellings or buildings. This is a change from the 2001 Census where duplexes attached to other dwellings or buildings were classified as an 'apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys'.

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Footnote 268

Includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats and railroad cars.

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Footnote 269

Household, private
Part A - Plain language definition
Person or group of persons occupying the same dwelling.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy a private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada.

Household size
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of persons occupying a private dwelling.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 275

Household type
Part A - Plain language definition
Category to which a person living alone or a group of persons occupying the same dwelling belong. There are two categories: non-family households and family households.

A non-family household consists either of one person living alone or of two or more persons who share a dwelling, but do not constitute a family.

Family households are divided into two subcategories: one-family households and multiple-family households.

A one-family household consists of a single family (e.g., a couple with or without children). A multiple-family household is made up of two or more families occupying the same dwelling.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the basic division of private households into family and non-family households. Family household refers to a household that contains at least one census family, that is, a married couple with or without children, or a couple living common-law with or without children, or a lone parent living with one or more children (lone-parent family). One-family household refers to a single census family (with or without other persons) that occupies a private dwelling. Multiple-family household refers to a household in which two or more census families (with or without additional persons) occupy the same private dwelling.

Non-family household refers to either one person living alone in a private dwelling or to a group of two or more people who share a private dwelling, but who do not constitute a census family.

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Footnote 276

Refers to one-family households containing a couple (with or without persons not in census families).

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Footnote 281

Includes households in tenant-occupied, non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than $0 in 2005 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household income).

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Footnote 282

Rent, gross
Part A - Plain language definition
Average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by tenant households. Gross rent includes the monthly rent and the costs of electricity, heat and municipal services.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the total average monthly payments paid by tenant households to secure shelter.

Includes households in tenant-occupied, non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than $0 in 2005 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household income).

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Footnote 283

Refers to the proportion of average monthly 2005 total household income which is spent on owner's major payments (in the case of owner-occupied dwellings) or on gross rent (in the case of tenant-occupied dwellings). Includes private households in occupied non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than $0 in 2005 (i.e., excludes negative or zero household income). It should be noted that not all households spending 30% or more of incomes on shelter costs are necessarily experiencing housing affordability problems. This is particularly true of households with high incomes. There are also other households who choose to spend more on shelter than on other goods. Nevertheless, the allocation of 30% or more of a household's income to housing expenses provides a useful benchmark for assessing trends in housing affordability. The relatively high shelter costs to household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household income data. The reference period for shelter cost data (gross rent for tenants, and owner's major payments for owners) is 2006, while household income is reported for the year 2005. As well, for some households, the 2005 household income may represent income for only part of a year.

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Footnote 284

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Footnote 285

Includes households in owner-occupied, non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than $0 in 2005 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household income).

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Footnote 286

Owner's major payments
Part A - Plain language definition
Average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own their dwelling. The owner's major payments include, for example, the mortgage payment and the costs of electricity, heat and municipal services.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the total average monthly payments made by owner households to secure shelter.

Includes households in owner-occupied, non-farm, non-reserve dwellings with household income greater than $0 in 2005 (i.e. excludes negative or zero household income).

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Footnote 287

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Footnote 288

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Footnote 289

Value of dwelling
Part A - Plain language definition:
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition:
Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold.

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Footnote 290

Household total income - The total income of a household is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that household.
'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:
- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

After-tax income of households - The after-tax income of a household is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that household. After-tax income of household members refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - Average income of families (census/economic) or persons 15 years of age and over not in families or households refers to the weighted mean total income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households in 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of families (for example, husband-wife families with working wives) or persons not in families or households (for example, two person households) by the number of families, persons not in families, or households in that respective group, whether or not they reported income.

Median income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - The median income of a specified group of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the families, persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and a half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

Household - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy the same dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. It may consist of a family group (census family) with or without other non-family persons, of two or more families sharing a dwelling, of a group of unrelated persons, or of one person living alone. Household members who are temporarily absent on Census Day (e.g., temporary residents elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. For census purposes, every person is a member of one and only one household. Unless otherwise specified, all data in household reports are for private households only.

Households are classified into three groups: private households, collective households and households outside Canada.

Private household - Refers to a person or a group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy a private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada.

Household size - Refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 305

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Footnote 320

Census family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a married couple (with or without children of either or both spouses), a couple living common-law (with or without children of either or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. 'Children' in a census family include grandchildren living with their grandparent(s) but with no parents present.

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Footnote 331

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

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Footnote 336

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

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Footnote 339

Economic family total income - The total income of an economic family is the sum of the total incomes of all members of that family.
'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

After-tax income of economic families - The after-tax income of an economic family is the sum of the after-tax incomes of all members of that family. After-tax income of family members or persons not in families refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - Average income of families (census/economic) or persons 15 years of age and over not in families or households refers to the weighted mean total income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households in 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of families (for example, husband-wife families with working wives) or persons 15 years of age and over not in families or households (for example, two-person households) by the number of families, persons not in families, or households in that respective group, whether or not they reported income.

Median income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, and households - The median income of a specified group of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves. That is, the incomes of the first half of the families, persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median incomes of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families, or households are normally calculated for all units in the specified group, whether or not they reported income.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and a half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics on the after-tax income of families (census/economic), persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

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Footnote 354

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 358

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Footnote 371

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Footnote 372

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

Prevalence of low income rates (before or after tax) are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

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Footnote 373

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Footnote 374

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Footnote 377

Including loss.

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Footnote 393

For persons with income.

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Footnote 394

For persons with income.

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Footnote 395

For persons with income.

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Footnote 396

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Footnote 399

Including loss.

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Footnote 414

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 415

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 416

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 417

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.
Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.
Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.
Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.
The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings or any other source of income and after-tax income of persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

Includes persons who did not work in 2005 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 421

Worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 425

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 429

Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:
- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.
'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.
Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.
Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.
Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.
Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.
Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.
These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.
Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption, and thereby constitute an economic family.
They can be further classified as follows:
Economic family reference persons - In each economic family, one person is designated as the reference person. For purposes of presentation of historically comparable low-income statistics, the following designations have been made. The male spouse or partner is designated as the reference person in opposite-sex couple families. In lone-parent families, the male or female lone parent is the reference person. In same-sex couple families, the first person in the couple listed on the questionnaire is the economic family reference person. In all other economic families, the reference person can be either a male or female person not in a census family.
Economic family members - Persons other than the reference person (as described above) who belong to the same economic family are classified as female spouses or partners, male or female same-sex spouses or partners, never-married sons or daughters, other sons or daughters or other economic family members. For 2006, other economic family members include foster children. They were previously classified as persons not in economic families.
Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

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Footnote 433

Economic family - Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption.

The economic family concept requires only that family members be related by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. By contrast, the census family concept requires that family members be either a male or female spouse, a male or female common-law partner, a male or female lone parent, or a child with a parent present. The concept of economic family may therefore refer to a larger group of persons than does the census family concept. For example, a widowed mother living with her married son and daughter-in-law would be treated as a non-family person under the definition of a census family. That same person would, however, be counted as a member of an economic family along with her son and daughter-in-law. Two or more related census families living together also constitute one economic family as, for example, a man and his wife living with their married son and daughter-in-law. Two or more brothers or sisters living together, apart from their parents, will form an economic family, but not a census family, since they do not meet the requirements for the latter. All census family persons are economic family persons. For 2006, foster children are considered economic family members.
The economic family and its associated classifications and variables are derived according to the responses to the questions on sex, date of birth, marital status, common-law status, and relationship to Person 1. In addition, consideration is given to the order in which household members are listed on the questionnaire.
As of 1971, published family statistics included families living in private households (including those enumerated outside Canada) and all collective households.
Prior to 2001, economic families were defined in Hutterite collective households as well.
For 2006, married spouses may be of opposite or same sex.
Note that as of 2001, same-sex partners are considered to be common-law partners. Thus they are considered related and members of the same economic family.
Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption, and thereby constitute an economic family. They can be further classified as follows:

Economic family reference persons - In each economic family, one person is designated as the reference person. For purposes of presentation of historically comparable low-income statistics, the following designations have been made. The male spouse or partner is designated as the reference person in opposite-sex couple families. In lone-parent families, the male or female lone parent is the reference person. In same-sex couple families, the first person in the couple listed on the questionnaire is the economic family reference person. In all other economic families, the reference person can be either a male or female person not in a census family.

Economic family members - Persons other than the reference person (as described above) who belong to the same economic family are classified as female spouses or partners, male or female same-sex spouses or partners, never-married sons or daughters, other sons or daughters or other economic family members. For 2006, other economic family members include foster children. They were previously classified as persons not in economic families.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.
Sex - Refers to the gender of the respondent.

Age - Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, May 16, 2006). This variable is derived from Date of birth.

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Footnote 434

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Footnote 435

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